Supply chain management Essay

In this final paper for Managerial Finance I will attempt to show how the supply chain inventory management method can be affected depending on the situation of the retailer. Studying the control method for problems in inventory, which would include both, excesses in inventory as well as shortages, and hoping to minimize loss. Use of SCM as a Method of Inventory Control I have decided to do the final for Managerial Finance on the use of the SCM method as a form of inventory control, because I have worked in a business that has used many different forms of inventory control. As a manager it was one of my responsibilities to maintain inventory and observe any losses as a loss prevention issue that must be discovered. The ordering responsibility for inventory was one of my most important duties as a manager. â€Å"Supply Chain Management is a set of synchronized decision & activities, utilized to effectively integrate suppliers, manufacturers, transporters, warehouses, retailers & customers so that the right product or service is distributed at the right quantities, to the proper locations & at the appropriate time, in order to minimize system wide costs while satisfying customer service level requirements. (Misra, 2010) Finding different options for inventory choices as well as finding prices that reflects a profit for the company was primary reasons for me to research the available possibilities in inventory. Deciding a price for acquiring inventory is an important aspect of making a determination in product for any company striving to make a profit. An important aspect of inventory is the amount of inventory that needs to be ordered, as over ordering or under ordering can be just as problematic for a company. A company that over orders does ot receive profit, because they have put out too much money without a return on that investment, will not make a profit. A popular product may sell very well for a company, but an overabundance of product means that the remaining product after sales may end up being a loss if sales do not again pick up. Under ordering can be just a big of a problem for a company because when customers start coming in for products that are not on the shelves it leads them to find alternate sources for their purchases. Under ordering can also create problems when it comes time to do a secondary order. The initial under ordering of product can lead even the most cautious of managers to second guess their ordering process. The initial under order leads a manager to think that they need to order more of the product to compensate for future sales of the product. The main problem that comes from this common over reaction is that the company lost out on sales on the initial order so tried to compensate by ordering more of the product on their new order. There may have been an increased demand on the first day of sales that may not (usually not) return when the manager orders more stock. The ability to make an initial determination as to the proper inventory can be a deciding factor on a profitable business and an unprofitable one. SCM or supply chain management is a process that refines the process in which managers make their decisions for the products and services that the company offers. SCM is a way for a company to find the products that they offer to their customers. â€Å"The Supply Chain management (SCM) is defined by the Supply Chain Forum (SCF) as the integration of key business processes from end user through suppliers that provide goods, services and information that add value for customers. (Assey, 2012) Supply chain management takes the production of a manufacturer and presents it to a supplier; the supplier then presents those products to the retailers which in turn provide those products to the customers. Choosing the supplier that gets the best deal from the manufacturer is going to give the most profit for the retailer selling the product to their customers. The process of supply chain management can actually merge retailers with supplier just as suppliers merge with the manufacturers. Some companies choose to use various different suppliers for their products while other companies choose to use a single supplier for their product. Personally I worked for a video game company called FuncoLand which was purchased by a company called Babbages, which merged with Electronics Boutique. After the merger the name of the company was changed to GameStop which is now the largest video game retailer in the United States. The thing that makes this important to this paper is that when FuncoLand was purchased by Babbages the supply chain changed. The change in the supply chain meant that all orders must be relooked at to insure the same profit levels for products that GameStop enjoyed. The single supplier for GameStop was replaced by the numerous different suppliers of Babbages. Every item of inventory needed to be checked to make sure they reflected a price that was going to produce profit for the merged FuncoLand and Babbages stores. Inventory charts were created and every store of both needed to inventory all items listed so that they could be compared with the new companies overall stock as well as profit ratios. Once the inventories of both companies were done there was a coordinating effort by upper management to determine prices of available product as well as the suppliers that were going to deal which each stores location. The numerous different suppliers made each location different in their ordering and inventory procedures. As could be expected this made it very difficult for these merged companies to be individually managed by the district and upper management. Each individual store was looked at by the store managers and was expected when issues arose to contact headquarters immediately. The buyout of these two merged companies by Electronic Boutique turned out to be a blessing in disguise for all involved. Electronic Boutique used a single supplier had dealt with the same supplier for years and had already worked out their profit ratios (including the purchase cost of the two companies) and store management once again needed to inventory their entire product for the new owners. The name was changed to GameStop and all store locations now used the same supplier and the prices for each store location were set by upper management. Ordering was done automatically based on the initial stores inventory counts and the new POS systems. While I understand there is an alternate definition for POS in this instance it refers to â€Å"point of sale†. The point of sale system was built using the store’s inventory, and orders for products were made, when the sales reached a certain level. Once a product reached a certain level of sales and did not continue to sell the item was automatically removed from the automatic reorder listing. The product would not be reordered into that store location unless it was a pecial order done by the stores management and usually had to be presented with a reason for the order to be made. In the four years that I worked for GameStop I only ever had to use this feature one time. A customer wanted Final Fantasy 7, new and unopened, and this was well over a year after the initial release of the game. The suppliers notified the upper management that they could do this, and I placed an order for the product as a full pre-sale, which means that the money was available to GameStop before the product was available to the customer. Being the only time this issue ever arose for me while working at GameStop it was an interesting learning experience about how a supply chain management process works. â€Å"The descriptive model presented is useful in settings where organizational structure and the supply chain are needed to support sustainable products and processes and whose success is facilitated by establishing strategic partners, especially those that make possible economies of scale†. Pullman & Dillard, 2010) Since one of the primary reasons for using supply chain management is to reduce inventory and cost for a company, GameStop has achieved what neither FuncoLand nor Babbages were able to because their use of a single supplier made achieving profit that much more possible for the mangers making their store orders. â€Å"Most of the decline is due to more efficient cash and inventory management†. (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe, Jordan, 2010) The main purpose of examining the supply chain management method is insuring that the retailer gets the best uses of their supplier(s). Minimizing shortages, while acquiring profits, in an attempt to optimize the proper supply for each location, is another purpose of using supply chain management. The strategy can be difficult to implement for those unaware of the procedures. I must admit that I did not realize the purpose (or the concept) of supply chain management, at the time I worked for GameStop. Looking back at my time at GameStop has led me to a new appreciation for the business that was built off of the back of FuncoLand.

The Humane Conditions of the United States’ Japanese Internment Camps

In response to the attack on Pearl Harbor, Canadian and American governments took extreme actions to prevent possible Japanese attacks, first and foremost are the internment camps. Japanese internment camps housed Japanese US and non-US citizens from 1942-1945. The economic and social factors surrounding the camps were unprecedented. The United States managed the affair with somewhat of a dignified perspective while Canada on the other hand fully implemented dispossession, discrimination, but ignored a redress of any sort. In contrast to the United States, Canada completely exploited the Japaneses’ economic resources. Shortly before their evacuation to the camps the â€Å"to-be-interned† Japanese would quickly sell some or all of their personal possessions whether to the government or other white civilian buyers. Under the War Measures Act of 1943, the Japanese were required to pay taxes for every sold item which would later be auctioned; their land and other properties, if not sold, were immediately confiscated. Later, the property was resold to white Canadians and never returned. â€Å"Dispossession of Canadian citizens, was contrary to British principles of justice and to the Atlantic Charter,† announced Dr. Henry F. Angus, in opposition to Japanese internment. He demonstrates that even then were there individuals that recognized the unjustness of the camps. The taxes aforementioned were used for the payment of government employees and also to fund the internment camps and pay businessmen who took over maritime industries normally monopolized by Japanese. The United States was responsible for confiscating some private properties, but not nearly the amount of which Canada was responsible. The Canadians took economic advantage of the camps to their fullest extent. In Canada the social conditions of the Japanese internment camps were different from the Unites States camps which had the necessities such as food, shelter, and water. The ten Japanese internment camps in the United States were incomparable to the intolerable conditions in which Japanese Canadians were forced to live. Japanese Americans had facilities such as mess halls, bath houses, laundry buildings and recreational areas on the primacies. The detainees could specialize and join the work force to support themselves and spend their wages in the camp store. Children attended school and most families attended church on Sundays. Restrictions to which they had to abide included leaving the premises, criminal activities, worship of the state Shinto, food and water rations, and others. Canadian camps provided extremely limited resources to the interned, sometimes providing only 10 toilets for 1,500 women, while shortages of food were common. As sickness spread so did a hatred of both American and Canadian Caucasian citizens whether they were responsible or not for the Japanese’s incarceration. Approximately 60 years later, the US felt a moral obligation to redress about 550 Japanese citizens that were associated with internment camps. About 12 million US dollars were distributed to the few remaining victimized families. This is embarrassing and tragic at the very least, admitting our injustice publically. However they took responsibility for their actions which explains how Japanese immersion and social acceptance in America’s society developed Americans’ humility and honor. Through such compensation of moneys and in some cases property Americans regained the faith of the Japanese to some degree. Canada on the other hand showed very little mercy to the delicate minority and interned every Japanese immigrant. Families were torn apart without hesitation, separating husbands from wives and children from mothers, leaving families with absolutely nothing but bitterness and sour remorse after being subjects to the government’s lethal power. Prior to installing the Japanese internment camps Canada and America were immersed in a state of fear after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The two regions had agreed to inform the other of changes in policies within the internment camps when they were built. One country fed off the other, trying to find some justification for their dreadful treatment of the interned Japanese. As the United States confiscated land Canada dispossessed boats for economic profit; while the standard of living in American internment camps was low, the Canadians took it one step further, providing them with little supplies and a socially cold shoulder. The United States maintained the Japanese internment camps better than the Canadians, providing them with scarce necessities but humane conditions. Works Cited Challenge to Democracy, A (1944). U. S. War Relocation Authority. March 3rd, 2010 http://www. archive. org/details/Challeng1944 The Politics of Racism . Ann Sunahara. March 3rd, 2010 http://www. japanesecanadianhistory. ca/

Reservoir Dogs Essays - English-language Films, Films, Miramax Films

Reservoir Dogs Essays - English-language Films, Films, Miramax Films Reservoir Dogs "I don't give a fuck what you know or don't know, but I'm gonna torture you anyway, regardless. Not to get information. It's so amusing for me to torture a cop. All you can do is pray for a quick death, which you aint gonna get." Mr. Blonde in Reservoir Dogs, 1992 This guy was the most twisted and sickly perverted guy in the whole movie. He had no reservations about killing people. He was brutal. He loved torture and death. By his own admission he liked to see the peoples' expressions when they died. He was totally ruthless. He had no conscience. I can't really explain why I liked this character so much. I don't EVER want to be like him or do the things he did. There was just something attractive about all his negative personality traits. Before he really starts getting into torturing the cop, he casually turns on the radio as if he needed some music to accompany the grizzly acts he was about to commit. He was a man who insisted on having total control. He liked controlling situations and people. When they were in the jewelry store he advised the employees not to hit the alarm. When they did, he started killing them. This was his way of regaining control of the situation. At the same time he was acting out this concept, he was actually totally out of control. He went fucking crazy in the store. He slaughtered the people lined up in the store like he was shooting clay ducks in a local carnival shooting gallery. I know this is a contradiction, but Mr. Blonde was a contradiction of himself. He had double standards. He hated the cop just because he was a cop. He didn't recognize him as a real person. Mr. Pink and Mr. White confirm this at the warehouse when they discuss him shooting REAL people, which cops are not. They say he just went crazy. They seemed to fear his craziness. His calm facade was a cover for the monstrous things he did to people. When he was in the warehouse with the hostage cop and Mr. Orange he appeared to be very calm. He sat smoking a cigarette while Pink and White argued over the chain of events. He wasn't calm. He couldn't wait to start torturing the hostage cop. You could see it in his face when Pink and White left. He almost looked like a kid left alone to tend a candy store. He was up and going the second they left. He was oh so gruesomely true to his belief that cops weren't people that he begins to prove this through his torture "techniques". He treats the cop like an object as opposed to a human being. He slashes off his ear and speaks into it like it was a play phone. He dances over to the gas can, swirls around the warehouse floor and soaks the guy in gas. He taunts the man by lighting a cigarette and holding it over the puddle of gas. This was a thrilling game to him. He wanted to see this man suffer before he finally died. He was also true to his fellow thugs. When everyone else was panicking, he remained cool. He insisted they stick to their original plan...to the end. He told them he had spoken to Nice Guy Eddie and everything was to be done according to the original plan. Mr. Blonde was a messed up dude. His whole personality was a contradiction. Maybe that's why he was so hypnotizing. His bizarre behavior and calm facade made for a very unique character.

Humanities Perspectives essays

Humanities Perspectives essays How do we as people decide what is moral an what is immoral? This semester as a class we have discussed and analyzed several philosophers views on morality and where it comes from. We have discussed: Rachels idea of relativism, Nietzsches might makes right, Platos divine command, Hume and Stevensons Moral sentiment and emotivism, Hobbes and Feinbergs Egoism, and Hobbes and Rawls Social contract theories. Now, how does each one of these theories stand up against the case of the Suicide Tourists? Does one better explain the morality of such a thing? Could one theory make it right and the other totally wrong? We dont know what is actually right. We can only use each theory as a ruler to measure the morality compared to each. Rachels describes relativism saying: what ones culture does is considered to be moral. He states that no one culture is superior to another, and just because one society thinks an act to be moral, does not mean that it is not immoral to another. Applying this theory to the case of the Suicide Tourists raises two questions: Are we basing what is moral on the tourists who come to relieve their suffering? Or, are we basing what is moral on Dignitas? By Rachels definition of relativism, the tourists are immoral, and Dignitas is considered to be moral. The tourists, who come to Switzerland to ease their sufferings are obviously coming from a culture that says euthanasia is wrong by their moral code. Otherwise, these people would not be traveling to this unknown place to kill themselves. Dignitas, on the other hand, is in the clear because their society allows the practice of euthanasia. If the society looked down on it, then there would be laws against it, prohibiting its exist ence. When Rachels thought up relativism, I seriously doubt that he thought about two cultures clashing like this. How can this be moral fo...

Corporate Social Responsibility at MTN Nigeria The WritePass Journal

Corporate Social Responsibility at MTN Nigeria INTRODUCTION Corporate Social Responsibility at MTN Nigeria INTRODUCTIONWHAT IS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?IMPORTANT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYREASONS FOR COMPANY TO ADOPT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPOSIBILITYCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND STRATEGY OF MTN NIGERIAREASONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTDescription of the Project:Description of the project:Objective of the project:CONTRIBUTIONS OF CSR TO CORPORATE STRATEGYCONCLUSIONRECOMMENDATIONSREFERENCES:Related INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility has been in debate since 20th century even though there are some argument for and against if it were really the duty of an organization to provide some kind of social service to the people in its environment even though the organization generate both natural and human resources from its environment while at the same time exploit the opportunity meant to be enjoy by the society if without the existence of such organization. The Corporate Social Responsibility of MTN as an Information and communication Technology (ICT) Company will be examine in detail. MTN communication limited as a subsidiary of MTN group is the largest .MTN is one of the leading telecommunication Company that operates in 21 Africa countries and Middle East. MTN secured a licensed to operate digital Global System of Mobile Communication in Nigeria in February 2001 from the commission and based on that, it emerged as the first telecommunication company to make a commercial call on its GSM network. The rapid growth in the business of MTN as a telephony company gave the need for the company to provide its environment with some social service. WHAT IS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY? The Corporate social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined by different scholars so as to different individual stakeholder.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lawrence and Webber, (2008) ‘‘Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means that a corporation should be held accountable for his action that affect the society, people, communities and their environment.’’ CSR simply means the duty of care owe the people, society and its environment at large by an organization as a result of damages cause in the line of carrying out their daily business activity such as air pollution, Evaporation, flow of waste in the stream, damaging of road due to heavy vehicles to mention but few. The social responsibility requires an organization to equate the goals to be achieved and the cost of achieving the set goals. COMPONENT OF CSR Ethical Consumerism Community Involvement Treatment of Customer Socially Responsible Investment Environment Treatment of Employee Social Reporting Cause related marketing As earlier said, the argument for and against Corporate Social Responsibility will be examine ARGUMENT FOR ARGUMENT AGAINST Promote business value and reputationConsistency in the profit of an organization.Amend any social discrepancies that may occur.Serves as a medium of saying thank you to the populace Reduction in profit sharingAdditional cost of competing with competitorsCost may outweigh benefit in terms of investing in capital projectLack of Information IMPORTANT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY In some years back, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been a very good strategy for most of the business organization to escape through in a highly competitive market environment. In a situation where there is a variation and unstable scales of preference from the consumers, the Corporate Social Responsibility is therefore the most applicable tool in order to survive. In the event of Corporate Social Responsibility, most company tends to reduce their operating cost for been socially and environmentally responsible. A company been socially responsible tends to gain the attention of more customers. And it makes the company be more visible and while serves as a medium by which the company will communicate to the public. The Strategic Management both internal and external risks can be control by corporate social responsibility as well as social and environmental factors A company been socially responsible tends to gain the confidence and trust of the investors and also it can be used as mean of influencing the decision of investors. In the areas of employee, all worker wish to work in an organization that really cares about the welfare of its staff and its environment. The concept of corporate social responsibility increased the reputation of the company and customer and investor and/or client can easily be influenced by the reputation. Promote organization reputations and brand. Business is more responsive to its Ethical environmental and social performance because of the globalization. This tends to put more pressure on careful selection of strategic tools Improve organization efficiency. Increased in the investment opportunity open to the business. REASONS FOR COMPANY TO ADOPT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPOSIBILITY There are many reasons or motives for an organization to adopt corporate social responsibility. It is argue that shareholder been one of the driver of CSR constitute to the growing of Social Responsibility. Below are some of the factors giving rise to the adoption of corporate social responsibility by a business organization: Public Trust: Lack of public trust in corporate management has contributed to the growth of CSR such as case of ENRON in the United State of America. Globalization: The act of increasing trade international has giving rise to SR. Counter Globalization movements calls for transparency among the companies. Increased In Competitions: Some of the company adopts corporate social Responsibility due to the competitive pressure such as Banks. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND STRATEGY OF MTN NIGERIA MTN Nigeria been socially responsible created a way to drives its social responsibility across the whole 36 states in the country together with the Capital territory. MTN Nigeria created a part called MTN Foundation through which they get to people around. This Foundation was incorporated in the year 2004 as a way to reward the people in their environment. Up to 1% of their profit after Tax was use to fund this foundation in other to create a unique impact and corporate social driven project. A good networking of both locally and internationally has made it possible for the organization to execute its various projects. In creating MTN foundation, they have make a lots of impact while also they have a good model for better corporate citizens and make it possible for the group like stakeholders, Tax authorities, Government etc to endorsed their foundation. REASONS FOR THE FOUNDATION The MTN Nigeria created the foundation solely for the creation of Economics empowerment, Good education, Good Health Services in a way to make a positive impact on their brand. ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT Through the MTN foundation and its Economics Empowerment, It has been possible for them to at least be working how to eradicate poverty in so many ways such as granting micro credit, creation of employment, acquiring of necessary skill for a particular job (skill acquisition) building capacity. As part of MTN foundation’s economics empowerment, It has been possible for MTN to work alongside some other reputable organization in other to achieve the purpose for which the foundation has been set up. The area at which the foundation has contributing to the growth of their community and also to the expansion of their brand will be examined in details: MTNF Rural Telephone Project (MTNF RTP) (In partners with growing business foundation (GBF) and the International Finance Corporation (ICF) Description of the Project: This project is set up to equip small, medium and entrepreneurs by providing them with equipment needed to start their own business such as telephone business. Ths project has help eradicate poverty in their chosen communities and since the creation estimated figure of 4,500 has benefited from the project. The project has been able to provide the following: Mobile Phone Recharge cards Yanggi Antenna Solar Charger MTN promotional Materials such as Umbrella, Table, Chair, Banner, T-Shirt, Face cap and lots more A-Week training on basic accounting knowledge and customer service. MTN foundation Rural Housing Project (In partnership with Habitat for International (HFHI). Description of the project: In view of the accommodation problem encounter by some people in the country, The MTN foundation has created the project to provide shelter for the people with low-income. Objective of the project: 2 bedrooms, a living room, toilet shower and the kitchen. Good Electricity Constant running water Sanitation facility MTN foundation- Lady Mechanic Initiative (MTNF-LMI) Description of the project: The acquisition of skill as a mechanic has always been classify as a men job only but with the introduction of Lady Mechanic Initiative by MTNF has made it possible for the foundation to empower and rehabilitate 50 young women by providing them with auto care skills Objective of the project: Practical Involvement in auto mechanic training at Pay Train centre Provision of lecture on the theoretical aspect of Mechanical Engineering Lecture on the social and health related issues on monthly basis Industrial attachment at Peugeot Automobile for 3 months in Kaduna, part of Nigeria Industrial attachment at Coscharis Motors for 3 months in Lagos Provision of Driver’s License and Driving test Trade test Certification Internship programme at Mitsubishi, R.T. Briscoe, Elizade and Toyota MTNF ‘How to Guide’ project in partnership with Fate Foundation Description of the project: This project is designed to create wealth and alleviate poverty among the Nigerian youth by making available for them a small business opportunity and thus provide reliable economics empowerment. Objectives of the project: Provision of adequate training for the potential beneficiaries of the small scale business opportunity. Empowering 120 people by providing recharge cards and other MTN promotional materials Printing of 5000 copies of a guide on CALL CENTRS. MTNF- Farm Fresh Milk F.L.O.W project (Fulanis Living Optimal Willingly) project in partnership with Integrated Dairy Farm Ltd-Farm Fresh) Description of the project: This project was completed in year 2009; it involved provision of support to almost 150 cattle-rearer through cross breeding of Friesian bulls with local cows in other to produce and sale of new quality and quantity of milk. Objective of the project: 70 Friesian Bulls 3 artificial Insemination Kits and Accessories 3 Liquid Nitrogen   Containers 3 First Aid Boxes 3 Motor Bikes 1 tractor and implements 1 hilux pick up Veterinary drugs MTNF – Children’s Development Centre (CDC) ‘Disability and U’ Road show and seminar. Description of the project: This is a program designed to create and increase the awareness of the public on the people with physical and mental disabilities through banners, road shows and workshop/seminars across the country. MTNF Disability support project (MTN DSP) in partnership with independent Living Programme for Person with Disabilities. Description of the project: This was created to increased and improved the quality of life of those that lives with disabilities by providing for them the mobility aid and appliances such as crutches wheelchair, guide canes hearing aid to mention but a few. This will help them in carrying out their daily activities without experiencing any difficulties or limitation. Objectives of the project: Provision of mobility aids and appliances such as wheel chairs Creation of vulnerability Index   Questionnaire Administration of Vulnerability Index Verification and selection of beneficiaries Distribution of the equipments MTNF Skill Acquisition Project for the People Living with Disabilities in Partnership with Friend of the Disabled (FOTD). Description of the project: The project was organize to empower 45 disabled youth across the nation with diverse skills such as Tailoring, Cobbler and welding to enable them make living successfully. Objective of the project: All the entire area of skill acquisition centre were renovated The boys and girls hostel were been renovated Training gadgets and consumables for welding, cobblers and tailoring were provided. Provision of 30KVA Generator A project vehicle was provided Provision of 10 Computer systems The MTN awareness in the need to promote corporate social responsibility and environmental has earned the corporation, a reputation as ‘The N0.1 CSR telecoms company’ and been the first mobile company to established a foundation. This has lead to the economics’ growth and development of Nigeria by helping to unleash the strong developmental potential through the provision of world class communication, innovative and sustainable social responsibility initiatives. CONTRIBUTIONS OF CSR TO CORPORATE STRATEGY Corporate Strategy is the analysis of how to achieve the set target and purpose for which the organization is set up. There are three main types of corporate strategy namely: I. Growth II.   Stability III.   Renewal Growth Strategy The means by which an organization tends to expand its market operation and product offered either through its current market or introducing new business. Here are some growth strategies: Concentration Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration Diversification MTN Nigeria adopted growth strategies by concentrating on their market and ensure expansion on the market. The most strategic of CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition and ensuring social effect on integral part of the overall company strategy. CONCLUSION Corporate social responsibility is the guide to business ethical behavior. Being socially responsible is the most important and key areas to the stakeholders and on corporate reputation. The incorporation of Corporate social responsible into business mainstream practice it shows your corporate reputation while it does affect the opinion of the company. RECOMMENDATIONS In view of the conclusion above, The researcher thereby recommend to all the business, The Corporate social responsibility as the one of the channel to which a business organization could overcome some of the challenges that militating against business aims and objective such as losing to competitive, mimic of product while it will allow the business to promote business value and reputation. REFERENCES: ecrc.org.eg/Uploads/documents/Articles_CSR%20main%20concepts.pdf Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/mtnfoundation/ Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/mtnfoundation/about-us/who-we-are Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/mtnfoundation/portfolio/economic-empowerment Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/about-mtn/corporate-information Accessed: June 20th, 2011 http://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/business-old/csr/index_html Accessed: June 20th, 2011 http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/eiuOracle_CorporateResponsibility_WP.pdf Accessed: June 20th, 2011 Lawrence and Weber, (2008) Business and Society, Mcgraw-Hill, International edition, 12th Editions.

World War 1 Battles

World War 1 Battles The battles of the World War I were fought across the globe from the fields of Flanders and France to the Russian plains and deserts of the Middle East. Beginning in 1914, these battles devastated the landscape and elevated to prominence places that had previously been unknown. As a result, names such as Gallipoli, the Somme, Verdun, and Meuse-Argonne became eternally entwined with images of sacrifice, bloodshed, and heroism. Due to the static nature of World War I trench warfare, fighting took place on a routine basis and soldiers were rarely safe from the threat of death. The battles of the World War I War are largely divided into the Western, Eastern, Middle Eastern, and colonial fronts with the bulk of the fighting taking place in the first two. During World War I, over 9 million men were killed and 21 million wounded in battle as each side fought for their chosen cause. Battles of World War I by Year 1914 August 7-September 13: Battle of the Frontiers - Western FrontAugust 14-25: Battle of Lorraine - Western FrontAugust 21-23: Battle of Charleroi - Western FrontAugust 23: Battle of Mons - Western FrontAugust 23-31: Battle of Tannenberg - Eastern FrontAugust 28: Battle of Heligoland Bight - At SeaSeptember 6-12: First Battle of the Marne - Western FrontOctober 19-November 22:Â  First Battle of Ypres - Western FrontNovember 1: Battle of Coronel - At SeaNovember 9: Battle of Cocos - At SeaDecember 8: Battle of the Falklands - At SeaDecember 16: Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool, Whitby - At SeaDecember 24-25: The Christmas Truce - Western Front 1915 January 24: Battle of Dogger Bank - At SeaFebruary 19-January 9, 1916: Gallipoli Campaign - Middle EastApril 22-May 25: Second Battle of Ypres - Western FrontMay 7: Sinking of the Lusitania - At SeaSeptember 25-October 14: Battle of Loos - Western Front 1916 February 21-December 18: Battle of Verdun - Western FrontMay 31-June 1: Battle of Jutland - At SeaJuly 1-November 18: Battle of the Somme - Western FrontAugust 3-5: Battle of Romani - Middle EastDecember 23: Battle of Magdhaba - Middle East 1917 January 9: Battle of Rafa - Middle EastJanuary 16: Zimmermann Telegram - Western FrontMarch 26: First Battle of Gaza - Middle EastApril 9-May 16: Battle of Arras - Western FrontJune 7-14: Battle of Messines - Western FrontJuly 31-November 6: Battle of Passchendaele (Third Ypres) - Western FrontOctober 24-November 19: Battle of Caporetto - Italian FrontOctober 31-November 7: Third Battle of Gaza - Middle EastNovember 20-December 6: Battle of Cambrai - Western Front 1918 March 21-April 5: Spring Offensives - Operation Michael - Western FrontJune 1-June 26: Battle of Belleau Wood - Western FrontJuly 15-August 6: Second Battle of the Marne - Western FrontAugust 8-11: Battle of Amiens - Western FrontSeptember 19-October 1: Battle of Megiddo - Middle EastSeptember 26-November 11: Meuse-Argonne Offensive - Western Front

Political Economy and Economics Research Proposal

Political Economy and Economics - Research Proposal Example The term political economy is used in yet a third sense. â€Å"It is the name of the science, which treats of this nation-wide complexus of economic activities.† (Knight, 2005) The subject matter of political economy: Political economy studies the laws, which cover the functions of production and exchange of material means. Both important functions constitute. Production is an independent function but the exchange is dependent on production since exchange can only be done of products. Although the external influences affect both of the two functions but in order to put up with these external influences both the functions have their own laws. Production and exchange are the major activities, which constitutes the economics curve. The circumstances affecting these two functions can be different in different countries. The difference in time span in which both of these functions are practiced can also change the notion of political economy. â€Å"Political Economy belongs to no nation; it is of no country: it is the science of the rules for the production, the accumulation, the distribution, and the consumption of wealth. It will assert itself whether you wish it or not. It is founded on the attributes of the human mind, and no power can change it.† (Speech on the Irish bill, 1870)