Humanities Perspectives essays

Humanities Perspectives essays How do we as people decide what is moral an what is immoral? This semester as a class we have discussed and analyzed several philosophers views on morality and where it comes from. We have discussed: Rachels idea of relativism, Nietzsches might makes right, Platos divine command, Hume and Stevensons Moral sentiment and emotivism, Hobbes and Feinbergs Egoism, and Hobbes and Rawls Social contract theories. Now, how does each one of these theories stand up against the case of the Suicide Tourists? Does one better explain the morality of such a thing? Could one theory make it right and the other totally wrong? We dont know what is actually right. We can only use each theory as a ruler to measure the morality compared to each. Rachels describes relativism saying: what ones culture does is considered to be moral. He states that no one culture is superior to another, and just because one society thinks an act to be moral, does not mean that it is not immoral to another. Applying this theory to the case of the Suicide Tourists raises two questions: Are we basing what is moral on the tourists who come to relieve their suffering? Or, are we basing what is moral on Dignitas? By Rachels definition of relativism, the tourists are immoral, and Dignitas is considered to be moral. The tourists, who come to Switzerland to ease their sufferings are obviously coming from a culture that says euthanasia is wrong by their moral code. Otherwise, these people would not be traveling to this unknown place to kill themselves. Dignitas, on the other hand, is in the clear because their society allows the practice of euthanasia. If the society looked down on it, then there would be laws against it, prohibiting its exist ence. When Rachels thought up relativism, I seriously doubt that he thought about two cultures clashing like this. How can this be moral fo...

Corporate Social Responsibility at MTN Nigeria The WritePass Journal

Corporate Social Responsibility at MTN Nigeria INTRODUCTION Corporate Social Responsibility at MTN Nigeria INTRODUCTIONWHAT IS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?IMPORTANT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYREASONS FOR COMPANY TO ADOPT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPOSIBILITYCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND STRATEGY OF MTN NIGERIAREASONS FOR THE FOUNDATIONECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTDescription of the Project:Description of the project:Objective of the project:CONTRIBUTIONS OF CSR TO CORPORATE STRATEGYCONCLUSIONRECOMMENDATIONSREFERENCES:Related INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility has been in debate since 20th century even though there are some argument for and against if it were really the duty of an organization to provide some kind of social service to the people in its environment even though the organization generate both natural and human resources from its environment while at the same time exploit the opportunity meant to be enjoy by the society if without the existence of such organization. The Corporate Social Responsibility of MTN as an Information and communication Technology (ICT) Company will be examine in detail. MTN communication limited as a subsidiary of MTN group is the largest .MTN is one of the leading telecommunication Company that operates in 21 Africa countries and Middle East. MTN secured a licensed to operate digital Global System of Mobile Communication in Nigeria in February 2001 from the commission and based on that, it emerged as the first telecommunication company to make a commercial call on its GSM network. The rapid growth in the business of MTN as a telephony company gave the need for the company to provide its environment with some social service. WHAT IS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY? The Corporate social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined by different scholars so as to different individual stakeholder.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lawrence and Webber, (2008) ‘‘Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means that a corporation should be held accountable for his action that affect the society, people, communities and their environment.’’ CSR simply means the duty of care owe the people, society and its environment at large by an organization as a result of damages cause in the line of carrying out their daily business activity such as air pollution, Evaporation, flow of waste in the stream, damaging of road due to heavy vehicles to mention but few. The social responsibility requires an organization to equate the goals to be achieved and the cost of achieving the set goals. COMPONENT OF CSR Ethical Consumerism Community Involvement Treatment of Customer Socially Responsible Investment Environment Treatment of Employee Social Reporting Cause related marketing As earlier said, the argument for and against Corporate Social Responsibility will be examine ARGUMENT FOR ARGUMENT AGAINST Promote business value and reputationConsistency in the profit of an organization.Amend any social discrepancies that may occur.Serves as a medium of saying thank you to the populace Reduction in profit sharingAdditional cost of competing with competitorsCost may outweigh benefit in terms of investing in capital projectLack of Information IMPORTANT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY In some years back, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been a very good strategy for most of the business organization to escape through in a highly competitive market environment. In a situation where there is a variation and unstable scales of preference from the consumers, the Corporate Social Responsibility is therefore the most applicable tool in order to survive. In the event of Corporate Social Responsibility, most company tends to reduce their operating cost for been socially and environmentally responsible. A company been socially responsible tends to gain the attention of more customers. And it makes the company be more visible and while serves as a medium by which the company will communicate to the public. The Strategic Management both internal and external risks can be control by corporate social responsibility as well as social and environmental factors A company been socially responsible tends to gain the confidence and trust of the investors and also it can be used as mean of influencing the decision of investors. In the areas of employee, all worker wish to work in an organization that really cares about the welfare of its staff and its environment. The concept of corporate social responsibility increased the reputation of the company and customer and investor and/or client can easily be influenced by the reputation. Promote organization reputations and brand. Business is more responsive to its Ethical environmental and social performance because of the globalization. This tends to put more pressure on careful selection of strategic tools Improve organization efficiency. Increased in the investment opportunity open to the business. REASONS FOR COMPANY TO ADOPT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPOSIBILITY There are many reasons or motives for an organization to adopt corporate social responsibility. It is argue that shareholder been one of the driver of CSR constitute to the growing of Social Responsibility. Below are some of the factors giving rise to the adoption of corporate social responsibility by a business organization: Public Trust: Lack of public trust in corporate management has contributed to the growth of CSR such as case of ENRON in the United State of America. Globalization: The act of increasing trade international has giving rise to SR. Counter Globalization movements calls for transparency among the companies. Increased In Competitions: Some of the company adopts corporate social Responsibility due to the competitive pressure such as Banks. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND STRATEGY OF MTN NIGERIA MTN Nigeria been socially responsible created a way to drives its social responsibility across the whole 36 states in the country together with the Capital territory. MTN Nigeria created a part called MTN Foundation through which they get to people around. This Foundation was incorporated in the year 2004 as a way to reward the people in their environment. Up to 1% of their profit after Tax was use to fund this foundation in other to create a unique impact and corporate social driven project. A good networking of both locally and internationally has made it possible for the organization to execute its various projects. In creating MTN foundation, they have make a lots of impact while also they have a good model for better corporate citizens and make it possible for the group like stakeholders, Tax authorities, Government etc to endorsed their foundation. REASONS FOR THE FOUNDATION The MTN Nigeria created the foundation solely for the creation of Economics empowerment, Good education, Good Health Services in a way to make a positive impact on their brand. ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT Through the MTN foundation and its Economics Empowerment, It has been possible for them to at least be working how to eradicate poverty in so many ways such as granting micro credit, creation of employment, acquiring of necessary skill for a particular job (skill acquisition) building capacity. As part of MTN foundation’s economics empowerment, It has been possible for MTN to work alongside some other reputable organization in other to achieve the purpose for which the foundation has been set up. The area at which the foundation has contributing to the growth of their community and also to the expansion of their brand will be examined in details: MTNF Rural Telephone Project (MTNF RTP) (In partners with growing business foundation (GBF) and the International Finance Corporation (ICF) Description of the Project: This project is set up to equip small, medium and entrepreneurs by providing them with equipment needed to start their own business such as telephone business. Ths project has help eradicate poverty in their chosen communities and since the creation estimated figure of 4,500 has benefited from the project. The project has been able to provide the following: Mobile Phone Recharge cards Yanggi Antenna Solar Charger MTN promotional Materials such as Umbrella, Table, Chair, Banner, T-Shirt, Face cap and lots more A-Week training on basic accounting knowledge and customer service. MTN foundation Rural Housing Project (In partnership with Habitat for International (HFHI). Description of the project: In view of the accommodation problem encounter by some people in the country, The MTN foundation has created the project to provide shelter for the people with low-income. Objective of the project: 2 bedrooms, a living room, toilet shower and the kitchen. Good Electricity Constant running water Sanitation facility MTN foundation- Lady Mechanic Initiative (MTNF-LMI) Description of the project: The acquisition of skill as a mechanic has always been classify as a men job only but with the introduction of Lady Mechanic Initiative by MTNF has made it possible for the foundation to empower and rehabilitate 50 young women by providing them with auto care skills Objective of the project: Practical Involvement in auto mechanic training at Pay Train centre Provision of lecture on the theoretical aspect of Mechanical Engineering Lecture on the social and health related issues on monthly basis Industrial attachment at Peugeot Automobile for 3 months in Kaduna, part of Nigeria Industrial attachment at Coscharis Motors for 3 months in Lagos Provision of Driver’s License and Driving test Trade test Certification Internship programme at Mitsubishi, R.T. Briscoe, Elizade and Toyota MTNF ‘How to Guide’ project in partnership with Fate Foundation Description of the project: This project is designed to create wealth and alleviate poverty among the Nigerian youth by making available for them a small business opportunity and thus provide reliable economics empowerment. Objectives of the project: Provision of adequate training for the potential beneficiaries of the small scale business opportunity. Empowering 120 people by providing recharge cards and other MTN promotional materials Printing of 5000 copies of a guide on CALL CENTRS. MTNF- Farm Fresh Milk F.L.O.W project (Fulanis Living Optimal Willingly) project in partnership with Integrated Dairy Farm Ltd-Farm Fresh) Description of the project: This project was completed in year 2009; it involved provision of support to almost 150 cattle-rearer through cross breeding of Friesian bulls with local cows in other to produce and sale of new quality and quantity of milk. Objective of the project: 70 Friesian Bulls 3 artificial Insemination Kits and Accessories 3 Liquid Nitrogen   Containers 3 First Aid Boxes 3 Motor Bikes 1 tractor and implements 1 hilux pick up Veterinary drugs MTNF – Children’s Development Centre (CDC) ‘Disability and U’ Road show and seminar. Description of the project: This is a program designed to create and increase the awareness of the public on the people with physical and mental disabilities through banners, road shows and workshop/seminars across the country. MTNF Disability support project (MTN DSP) in partnership with independent Living Programme for Person with Disabilities. Description of the project: This was created to increased and improved the quality of life of those that lives with disabilities by providing for them the mobility aid and appliances such as crutches wheelchair, guide canes hearing aid to mention but a few. This will help them in carrying out their daily activities without experiencing any difficulties or limitation. Objectives of the project: Provision of mobility aids and appliances such as wheel chairs Creation of vulnerability Index   Questionnaire Administration of Vulnerability Index Verification and selection of beneficiaries Distribution of the equipments MTNF Skill Acquisition Project for the People Living with Disabilities in Partnership with Friend of the Disabled (FOTD). Description of the project: The project was organize to empower 45 disabled youth across the nation with diverse skills such as Tailoring, Cobbler and welding to enable them make living successfully. Objective of the project: All the entire area of skill acquisition centre were renovated The boys and girls hostel were been renovated Training gadgets and consumables for welding, cobblers and tailoring were provided. Provision of 30KVA Generator A project vehicle was provided Provision of 10 Computer systems The MTN awareness in the need to promote corporate social responsibility and environmental has earned the corporation, a reputation as ‘The N0.1 CSR telecoms company’ and been the first mobile company to established a foundation. This has lead to the economics’ growth and development of Nigeria by helping to unleash the strong developmental potential through the provision of world class communication, innovative and sustainable social responsibility initiatives. CONTRIBUTIONS OF CSR TO CORPORATE STRATEGY Corporate Strategy is the analysis of how to achieve the set target and purpose for which the organization is set up. There are three main types of corporate strategy namely: I. Growth II.   Stability III.   Renewal Growth Strategy The means by which an organization tends to expand its market operation and product offered either through its current market or introducing new business. Here are some growth strategies: Concentration Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration Diversification MTN Nigeria adopted growth strategies by concentrating on their market and ensure expansion on the market. The most strategic of CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition and ensuring social effect on integral part of the overall company strategy. CONCLUSION Corporate social responsibility is the guide to business ethical behavior. Being socially responsible is the most important and key areas to the stakeholders and on corporate reputation. The incorporation of Corporate social responsible into business mainstream practice it shows your corporate reputation while it does affect the opinion of the company. RECOMMENDATIONS In view of the conclusion above, The researcher thereby recommend to all the business, The Corporate social responsibility as the one of the channel to which a business organization could overcome some of the challenges that militating against business aims and objective such as losing to competitive, mimic of product while it will allow the business to promote business value and reputation. REFERENCES: ecrc.org.eg/Uploads/documents/Articles_CSR%20main%20concepts.pdf Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/mtnfoundation/ Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/mtnfoundation/about-us/who-we-are Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/mtnfoundation/portfolio/economic-empowerment Accessed: June 20th, 2011 mtnonline.com/about-mtn/corporate-information Accessed: June 20th, 2011 http://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/business-old/csr/index_html Accessed: June 20th, 2011 http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/eiuOracle_CorporateResponsibility_WP.pdf Accessed: June 20th, 2011 Lawrence and Weber, (2008) Business and Society, Mcgraw-Hill, International edition, 12th Editions.

World War 1 Battles

World War 1 Battles The battles of the World War I were fought across the globe from the fields of Flanders and France to the Russian plains and deserts of the Middle East. Beginning in 1914, these battles devastated the landscape and elevated to prominence places that had previously been unknown. As a result, names such as Gallipoli, the Somme, Verdun, and Meuse-Argonne became eternally entwined with images of sacrifice, bloodshed, and heroism. Due to the static nature of World War I trench warfare, fighting took place on a routine basis and soldiers were rarely safe from the threat of death. The battles of the World War I War are largely divided into the Western, Eastern, Middle Eastern, and colonial fronts with the bulk of the fighting taking place in the first two. During World War I, over 9 million men were killed and 21 million wounded in battle as each side fought for their chosen cause. Battles of World War I by Year 1914 August 7-September 13: Battle of the Frontiers - Western FrontAugust 14-25: Battle of Lorraine - Western FrontAugust 21-23: Battle of Charleroi - Western FrontAugust 23: Battle of Mons - Western FrontAugust 23-31: Battle of Tannenberg - Eastern FrontAugust 28: Battle of Heligoland Bight - At SeaSeptember 6-12: First Battle of the Marne - Western FrontOctober 19-November 22:Â  First Battle of Ypres - Western FrontNovember 1: Battle of Coronel - At SeaNovember 9: Battle of Cocos - At SeaDecember 8: Battle of the Falklands - At SeaDecember 16: Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool, Whitby - At SeaDecember 24-25: The Christmas Truce - Western Front 1915 January 24: Battle of Dogger Bank - At SeaFebruary 19-January 9, 1916: Gallipoli Campaign - Middle EastApril 22-May 25: Second Battle of Ypres - Western FrontMay 7: Sinking of the Lusitania - At SeaSeptember 25-October 14: Battle of Loos - Western Front 1916 February 21-December 18: Battle of Verdun - Western FrontMay 31-June 1: Battle of Jutland - At SeaJuly 1-November 18: Battle of the Somme - Western FrontAugust 3-5: Battle of Romani - Middle EastDecember 23: Battle of Magdhaba - Middle East 1917 January 9: Battle of Rafa - Middle EastJanuary 16: Zimmermann Telegram - Western FrontMarch 26: First Battle of Gaza - Middle EastApril 9-May 16: Battle of Arras - Western FrontJune 7-14: Battle of Messines - Western FrontJuly 31-November 6: Battle of Passchendaele (Third Ypres) - Western FrontOctober 24-November 19: Battle of Caporetto - Italian FrontOctober 31-November 7: Third Battle of Gaza - Middle EastNovember 20-December 6: Battle of Cambrai - Western Front 1918 March 21-April 5: Spring Offensives - Operation Michael - Western FrontJune 1-June 26: Battle of Belleau Wood - Western FrontJuly 15-August 6: Second Battle of the Marne - Western FrontAugust 8-11: Battle of Amiens - Western FrontSeptember 19-October 1: Battle of Megiddo - Middle EastSeptember 26-November 11: Meuse-Argonne Offensive - Western Front

Political Economy and Economics Research Proposal

Political Economy and Economics - Research Proposal Example The term political economy is used in yet a third sense. â€Å"It is the name of the science, which treats of this nation-wide complexus of economic activities.† (Knight, 2005) The subject matter of political economy: Political economy studies the laws, which cover the functions of production and exchange of material means. Both important functions constitute. Production is an independent function but the exchange is dependent on production since exchange can only be done of products. Although the external influences affect both of the two functions but in order to put up with these external influences both the functions have their own laws. Production and exchange are the major activities, which constitutes the economics curve. The circumstances affecting these two functions can be different in different countries. The difference in time span in which both of these functions are practiced can also change the notion of political economy. â€Å"Political Economy belongs to no nation; it is of no country: it is the science of the rules for the production, the accumulation, the distribution, and the consumption of wealth. It will assert itself whether you wish it or not. It is founded on the attributes of the human mind, and no power can change it.† (Speech on the Irish bill, 1870)

Biological approach to personality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biological approach to personality - Essay Example The biography of Gretchen Wilson may start out as sad story, but her life evolved into country music phenomena since then. (Kassidy Emerson) Since then to date, Wilson has been performing as s singer where she appears before spectators in many places, singing and dancing, appearing to look very social, and entertaining her audiences. Thus, to my own point of view, she is extraversion based on Hans Eyssenck's theory of Personality. (Robert Plomin) has shown that many environmental measures in psychology show genetic influence and that genetic factors can mediate associations between environmental measures and developmental outcomes. This theory can have it roots from the evidence of Wilson's history, where it is categorically seen that she was influenced by the environmental factor which led to being moving and spending night in places away from home, while later, environment factor led her to becomes a musician, where she ought to entertains people. Some children adapt quickly and easily to family daily routines and get along well with their siblings. Others, especially highly active, intense and "prickly" children have a more difficult time adjusting to everyday demands, and their interactions with parents and siblings may lead to friction and stress. Consider how an active, impulsive child can bother an older sibling who is trying to complete a school project, or how a distractible child who is low in persistence can frustrate parents' efforts to get him to complete his homework or to finish a household chore. Thus, it is noteworthy to point out that Wilson does not inherit her behavior from her parents, nor they teach her such manners. But she was totally influenced by the condition she found herself shortly after her father could not be seen, as he skipped from his family. While her mother lacks all the capabilities whatsoever to shoulder her responsibilities. As such, she began going ups and downs, looking for all possible dimensions to earn her living. To this end, she found herself in the Musical Industry.References Carl Gustav Jung, 1934, what is Personality, http://wilderdom.com/personality/L5-1WhatIsPersonality.html Kassidy Emerson, August 15, 2006, The Biography of Gretchen Wilson, A red-neck woman who is proud of her heritage, http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/50653/the_biography_of_gretchen_wilson.html Eysenck's model of personality (P-E-N, Hans Eysenck, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Eysenck#Eysenck.27s_model_of_personality_.28P-E-N.29 Robert Plomin,

International human resource and organizational behavior Coursework

International human resource and organizational behavior - Coursework Example Organizations should consider the complexity of HR when they form business mergers or alliance and decide to extend their operations globally (Briscoe, Schuler and Tarique 2012, p. 67). Amazon.com is among the leading Internet retailers along with Google, eBay, and Yahoo. Jeff Bezos, the CEO, started the company in 1994 by selling books and other products online. However, Amazon was officially launched in 1995 marking the birth of e-commerce practice in the retail industry. In the late 1990’s there was a boom in the â€Å"dot.com† industry and Amazon helped to grow the so-called online retailing or â€Å"e-tailing.† By then, Jeff Bezos was recruiting workers through a series of interviews other than hiring employees whom he believed that they would not sustain the fast growing e-tailing business. He recruited many employees who worked in the warehouses and offices that resembled the garage workplace, which was the original working place for Amazon. By 2000, amazon had moved its operations to other countries such as United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Italy and others (Chakrabarti and Scholnik 2002, p. 90). In 2000, many companies in the e-tailing industry such as Barnes & Noble, eBay, Wal-Mart and Borders indicated huge losses due to decreasing prices of commodities sold online. The 1999 financial crisis lead to a huge fall in the stock value owned by Amazon. The Amazon stock lost value by forty per cent in January 2000. The fall of 2001 was associated with a loss of $1.411 billion, which resulted in the dismissal of around 1,300 workers. Due to the change, Bezos set aside stock enough compensate the laid off workers. It is evident that Amazon.com had frozen its operations in international shipping. The booming e-tailing business had crashed with most of the company’s activities being terminated. For example, the

The role of social networks in empowering consumers Literature review

The role of social networks in empowering consumers - Literature review Example Organizations, as a part of the current global business forum, are increasingly feeling the need for engaging with the community to which it provides its service. Companies realize that the societies within which these companies operate and the communities to which their customers belong, are an important element in their business decisions. This shows that consumers are increasingly becoming an important stake holder for business firms. Companies are responding to this new status of the consumers by utilizing in all possible channels to engage in consumer interaction. Therefore they feel the need to assess their response to the changing consumer preference and also the efficiency with which they are utilizing the social media. Background of the study The growth rate of social media shows an exponential trend and the main features in this platform are blogs, Twitter, Facebook, MySpace and LinkedIn. If this information is matched with statistical data it would be found that by the beg inning of the 2010, over 175 million users were already registered in the Facebook. This figure is slightly short of the total number of people living in Brazil (total Brazilian population was 190 million in 2009) and it is more than twice the German population (total population of Germany was 80 million in 2009) (Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010). During this period, a record amount of video content has been uploaded to the YouTube platform at the rate of 10 hours of content per minute. These platforms offer customers to receive variety of information and also join ongoing conversations with millions of other customers located in different parts of the globe. Hence rise of social networking sites have become a major topic of discussion in the business world. Consumers and social networking sites Tweets on Twitter and messages and updates on Facebook are the newest means of communication and the most convenient method of sharing news. These channels allow news to be shared in the structure of small bite-size messages. These message updates also allow the user to add links to various website pages or images to the message. Tweets are messages of less than or equal to 140 characters and the reader can get an overview of the message shared through the tweets by simply scrolling through the tweets. Any person can read these tweets (even if he or she is not an account holder on the Twitter) through their mobile phones or their computers. These Twitter tweets are short and precise and does not relate to the news at a deeper level, but, the reader can gain an overall broad knowledge about the happenings in the world in that particular day. This the most important use of the social networking sites these days. Consumers are careful about the choices that they make about their purchases but are not left with only limited amount of time to make purchasing decisions. Therefore more and more number of consumers are shifting their attention to the social media for gaining insight s on the most recent trends, views and briefs of experiences of the